Coercive and Controlling Behaviour encompasses an array of different tactics described as an act or a pattern of acts of assault, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten their victim.

Emotional and psychological abuse is a pattern of behaviour in which the perpetrator insults, humiliates, and generally instils fear in an individual to control them. It centres around manipulation, isolation, and demeaning or threatening behaviour.

Stalking & harassment involves a person becoming fixated or obsessed with another and is a pattern of persistent and unwanted attention that makes people feel pestered, scared, anxious or harassed.

Physical abuse is any intentional act causing injury or trauma to another person through bodily contact. Sexual abuse can take place within relationships or between family members and can often be a part of domestic abuse.

Non-fatal strangulation (NFS) is a known way for perpetrators of domestic abuse to control and intimidate their victims. It is an insidious form of domestic abuse.

Economic or financial abuse is a type of coercive control which involves a pattern of controlling, threatening and degrading behaviours relating to money and finances.

Technology-facilitated abuse, or ‘tech abuse’ is the way technologies can be exploited to track, control, coerce, or harass individuals.

Religious and spiritual abuse abuse occurs when a victim is prevented from carrying out their religious or spiritual practices, or is forced to engage in activities that conflict with their beliefs.

Honour-based abuse (HBA) is an umbrella term used to describe a combination of practices, used principally to control and punish the behaviour of a member of a family or social group, in order to protect perceived cultural and religious beliefs in the name of ‘honour’.